Every investor knows, intellectually, that markets go down. They always have. They always will. And most people understand, at least in the abstract, that staying invested through downturns is the rational response. The problem is…
Read More
Rethinking the 60/40 Portfolio for Modern Retirees
For decades, the “60/40 portfolio”—60% stocks and 40% bonds—has been treated as the default answer for retirement investing. It shows up in articles, target‑date funds, and back‑of‑the‑napkin conversations about risk and return. While 60/40 has…
Read More
How Much Should You Keep in Cash During Retirement?
Cash plays a different role in retirement than it does during your working years. While you are still earning a paycheck, cash is mostly about emergency savings and short‑term goals. Once you retire, it also…
Read More
Sequence of Returns Risk—and Why It Matters More Than Market Returns
Most investors focus on average returns when they think about their portfolios. Over 30 or 40 years of saving, that makes sense: you are adding money regularly, and what matters most is the long‑term growth…
Read More
What Prudent Investing Really Means After Age 50
You have spent 30 or 40 years doing the right thing — saving consistently, resisting the urge to panic, and letting your investments grow. Now you are within reach of retirement, and the question shifts…
Read More
Why the 4% Rule Falls Short
For years, the “4% rule” has been repeated as if it were a law of nature: withdraw 4% of your portfolio in year one, adjust that dollar amount for inflation each year, and you “should”…
Read More
Investment Risk in Retirement: What Changes—and How to Manage It Thoughtfully
Risk Doesn’t Disappear—It Evolves During your working years, investment risk is largely theoretical. Market declines are uncomfortable, but time, ongoing savings, and future earnings help absorb volatility. A down year feels like a setback, not…
Read More
